The Mabo and Wik cases were both significant for Aboriginal and Torres Sraight Islanders due to the fact that the Mabo case was essentially taken to the High Court in 1992, where Mabo argued that the Aboriginals had a continous and inextricable connection to the land as they were the first people on the land since the dreaming until the White's came and settled on the land. The Mabo case ruled out the notion of Terra Nullius and thus the concept of Native Title was formed.
The Wik case was significant to the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders because the main idea was to prove co-existence between farmers and Aboriginals. Farmers using the land for productivity and Aboriginals using the land for traditional ceremonies. The importance of this was to maintain the connection to the land.
OUTLINE THE IMPACT ON THE STOLEN GENERATIONS
The stolen generation refers to the Aboriginal children who were forcibly removed from their family/clan and because of this the children missed out on much love and care. This began in the 1800's and continued until the late 1960's-70's. This effected almost every indigenous family and left a deep impact in which they lost their identity and sense of self worth, thus the children grew uo extremely confused. Essentially the stolen generations created a sense of disposession. Bacause of this their spirituality was taken away from them due to the fact that the land was taken away from them.
RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION IN AUSTRALIA SINCE 1945 QUESTIONS
1) Census statistics are essential when explaining changes to the population of different religions in Australia between 1945 and the present day due to the fact that it assists in informing the people of a particular society on the changing patterns for example the census taken in 1947 of the total population some 7.6 million people, 88% stated that they were Christian, 0.5% listed other religion 11.1% did not respond to the question.
2) The religious landscape means the changing population of the diverse range of religions in Australia. Majority of non-Christian religions from 1945 to the present day have increased in size or have remained the same. Judaism has remained at 0.4% of Australia’s population.
3) The changing patterns of religious adherence in Australia since 1945 have been determined through tables and statistics from 1947 to the present in the three largest Christian denominations. In terms of percentages some of there denominations have remained stable whilst others have changed dramatically. Although despite the small numbers of members of some denominations there have been changes in the last 60 years. For example the Pentecostal churches have increased from less than 1% of the population to 2.8%.
4) Since the arrival of the early settlers on the First Fleet 1788 Christianity has been the dominant religion in Australia. In Australian society Christianity has proven to be a powerful dominant religion since the arrival of the early settlers as it was imposed by authoritive figures such as soldiers. Christianity being a monotheistic religion enabled people to unite in their acceptance of God. Christianity also acted as the central factor in community ethics, the provisions of government services and development of laws. It was also an important provider of health, welfare and education services.
5) The social and cultural differences between 1945 and the present day has changed dramatically over time. We live in a society, which is considered to be multifaith, multiethnic and multiracial. Although back in 1945 this was not the case as women and migrants in particular suffered many hardships, women were considered inferior to men and solely meant for that of domestic labour. Women faced with discrimination in the workplace i.e. the glass-ceiling concept. Migrants on the other hand were also faced with much hardship and discrimination, they were put up in migrant hostels and weren’t given work, which they were qualified for, they were often used as labourers, which were beneath their qualifications. In the present day society however the social and cultural aspects have improved dramatically women are now moving up in the ranks in the workplace and migrants are now socially accepted and are put into the fields of work which they are qualified to do.
6) Migration has caused the important process in the changing nature of our population. Majority of immigrants would have called them selves Christian a significant amount from South-East Asia would consider themselves Buddhist. Because the population of Australia has expanded therefore causing the religious diversity of Australia to grow and expand as well.
7) Denominational switching is believed that social mobility adds to the movement of people from one denomination within a religious tradition to another. The belief is that people’s lives change according to their religious beliefs and traditions. Thee changes are sometimes associated with wealth or social influence.
8) Denominational switching has affected Christianity overall change has occurred from 1991 to 1996 2% eg switchers in 14%, Switchers out 14%. The changes of denominational switching has caused Christianity to lose adherents to protestant denominations i.e. Anglican Church. The rise is evident in the Pentecostal denominations. Individual denominations has risen and decreased in numbers of adherents due to migration.
9) The New age movement is in a class by itself. Unlike most formal religions it has no holy text, central organization, membership, formal clergy, geographic center, dogma or creed. New Age religions are based around the fact that they are a spiritual movement but without any organizational restrictions. Some New Age Religions were created because of what Christianity had not done. New Age Religions follow similar aspects of Hinduism and Buddhism because they believe in 'newness' and 'originality'. The reincarnations of people also plays a part in their choices. Over the next 5 years some New Age Religions will gain more adherents and some will lose some because of change of religions outlooks because people are just simply giving up their faith.
10) It is a concept of secularism is a movement or concept which rejects religious belief or adherence. Within the census this is considered as people who stated they were agnostics, atheists, humanists, rationalists and those in the no religion category. This does howevere effects the expression of religion in Australia due to the fact that is slowly changed the main religious expression within Australia (Christianity), thus it allows the needs of the individuals to be met rather than the needs of the community.
11) Ecumenism: Is a a doctrine within the Christian Church in which promotes cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations which is aimed at the universal unity of Christianity.
Interfaith Dialogue: is the concept of cooperation and positive interaction between Christians of different denominations, Interfaith Dialogue is important in Multi-Faith Australia due to the fact that it assists young people understanding the idealism which allows the best opportunities of the dialogue. Interfaith Dialogue has a various amount of objectives and number of strategies to achieve these objectives, eg. objective-Share this knowlege and learn understanding with others. Strategies- To advertise conclusions and inform the respective faith communities of the understandings reached.
Reconciliation: a process which changes for the better the relationship between individuals or groups.
12) History and activities of some ecumenical movements within Christianity
Date: History
1895: World Student Christian Federation (WSCF) formed in Sweden (joined by Australia in 1896)
1948: The World Council of Churches began.
1965: 2nd Vatican Council led Roman Catholics to develop ecumenical dialogue with other Christian groups.
1994: National Council of Churches in Australia (NCCA) formed to replace the Australian Council of Churches (ACC)
2003: There is formal dialogue between NCCA, Australian Federation of Islamic Councils and the Executive Council of Australian Jewry.
13) The importance of interfaith dialogue is that it impacts the lives of everyday Australians, religious or not. The main idea that interfaith dialogue aims at are to build an understanding, good will and sense of community between people of different faiths; To learn about each other and their (and our) faith traditions in a spirit of exploration and discovery; to share this knowledge and understanding with others; to work together, as Australians, to achieve common goals to support each other in difficult times. Interfaith Dialogue is important in Multi-Faith Australia due to the fact that it assists young people understanding the idealism which allows the best opportunities of the dialogue. Interfaith Dialogue has a various amount of objectives and number of strategies to achieve these objectives, eg. objective-Share this knowlege and learn understanding with others. Strategies- To advertise conclusions and inform the respective faith communities of the understandings reached. Interfaith Dialogue is also important to Mulit-faith Australia due to the fact that it assists young people understanding the idealism which allows for best opportunities of the dialogue.
14. Reconciliation affects all Australians due to the fact that it assists in bringing the wider community together. Since reconciliation between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples has assisted in establishing this concept. In Australia reconciliation incorporates justice, recognition and healing in response to all the wrong doing in the past to the Aboriginal peoples.
-This You Tube clip about Atheist man focuses on the point that atheism is a religion and just how superstitious and religious atheists are. It is mentioned that Atheists are polytheistic believing in several Gods, these ‘God’s’ being logic, knowledge and above all science, information and rationalism. This clip also states that Atheism give them a sense of freedom due to the fact that his ideology about religion is the want to live in a world which is free and live how they want to live, and say what they want to say where no boy is allowed to shut them up because their “crack pot” religion prevents them from it. According to this man religion feeds on a broken spirit stating that the only message religion has obey God OR ELSE. He believes that religion is evil because it is a truly man-made phenomenon stating that religion wants us to believe that religious people are les than they are and religion is a “straight jacket of blind faith.”
HUMANISM http://www.youtube.com/v/myRX6aZVRZ4&hl=en&fs=1"
This clip focuses on the origins of Humanism stating that is based solely around logic, logic being the use of evidence to establish the as well as to link pieces of evidence together. This clip suggests that logic is the best way in determining reasons for being. This says that some where in the cosmos there is as way of knowing the absolute truth and find conclusions which will lead humanists to be able to make connections.
1. Prepare a draft plan for your Assessment Task focussing on Paul’s contribution to the development and expression of Christianity.
2. Suggested Reading p 47-48 of Meeting St Paul. The references here will allow you to explore Paul’s contribution Christianity.
3. Download the powerpoints from the class Wiki to assist with essay plan.
4. It would be helpful to answer the Key Text and Questions on page 53 of Meeting St Paul Today.
5. Place your draft ideas and essay plan on your Wiki page.
End of the Lesson:
1. Ensure you have saved your plan to your wikispaces.com
2. Check the learning preparation due for Friday.
1) Outline the contribution of Paul to the development and expression of Christianity.
- First contribution, Pauls conversion (changing his names form Saul to Paul) from prosecutor to supporter from which he became a Christian missionary
- Second contribution, His various journeys
- Third contribution, Letters Pauls letter constitute about 25% of the Christian scriptures they are the earliest Christian documents to be preserved) and preachings, established Christianity in Greco-Roman world
- Fourth contribution, Believed as Jewish Christians that circumcision did not have to happen
- Paul's big contribution was the establishment of the various communities as well as the understanding of who Christ was (power of resurrection)
- Paul spread the concept of salvaiton and resurresction through three of his missionary journeys
- Paul established Christian morality within the emerging Christian community
EXPAND UPON!
DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN CHRISTIAN ETHICAL TEACHINGS ON BIOETHICS. Ethics may be defined as a system of moral principals by which human moral actions may be judged as right or wrong. In the context of religion in relation to Christianity ethics may be defined as what is morally right and wrong through the lens of the religious system. This religious ethical system essentially regulates moral bahaviour of adherents.
The central role of Christian ethics is to provide a guide for Christians to ensure that their daily lives reflect principals found within scriptures, sacred stories and texts which support the purpose as well as value of the world. Christian ethics are based upon the Decalogue, Ten Commanments and the Beatitudes. Ethics within Christianity can be divided into to two different approaches, these being Authority- scriptures (Bible), tradition (church leaders), experience (inspiration of the Holy Spirit) and logic (reason). Natural Law- ethical thought deriving form the cocept of 'perfect creation'.
The Ten commandments are moral laws/principals which conduct just and orderly living for adherents which they need to fulfill in order to obtain and follow thorugh with in order to have a clear conscience to be at peace with themselves and God. The foundation on which Chrisitanity bases its bioethical teachings is on the 5th commandment 'Thou shall not kill', basically meaning to value life/choosing life.The main Bioethical issues relating to this commanment are suscide, abortion, capital punishment and euthenasia. Christians are called to hold firmly to the findamental value that human life is sacred and holds intrinsic value, refering to the fact that God is the creator of life and only he himself has the right to take it away. The fifth commandment is also an example of revealed and natural law on which adherents base their bioethical decision making.
The Mabo and Wik cases were both significant for Aboriginal and Torres Sraight Islanders due to the fact that the Mabo case was essentially taken to the High Court in 1992, where Mabo argued that the Aboriginals had a continous and inextricable connection to the land as they were the first people on the land since the dreaming until the White's came and settled on the land. The Mabo case ruled out the notion of Terra Nullius and thus the concept of Native Title was formed.
The Wik case was significant to the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders because the main idea was to prove co-existence between farmers and Aboriginals. Farmers using the land for productivity and Aboriginals using the land for traditional ceremonies. The importance of this was to maintain the connection to the land.
OUTLINE THE IMPACT ON THE STOLEN GENERATIONS
The stolen generation refers to the Aboriginal children who were forcibly removed from their family/clan and because of this the children missed out on much love and care. This began in the 1800's and continued until the late 1960's-70's. This effected almost every indigenous family and left a deep impact in which they lost their identity and sense of self worth, thus the children grew uo extremely confused. Essentially the stolen generations created a sense of disposession. Bacause of this their spirituality was taken away from them due to the fact that the land was taken away from them.
RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION IN AUSTRALIA SINCE 1945 QUESTIONS
1) Census statistics are essential when explaining changes to the population of different religions in Australia between 1945 and the present day due to the fact that it assists in informing the people of a particular society on the changing patterns for example the census taken in 1947 of the total population some 7.6 million people, 88% stated that they were Christian, 0.5% listed other religion 11.1% did not respond to the question.
2) The religious landscape means the changing population of the diverse range of religions in Australia. Majority of non-Christian religions from 1945 to the present day have increased in size or have remained the same. Judaism has remained at 0.4% of Australia’s population.
3) The changing patterns of religious adherence in Australia since 1945 have been determined through tables and statistics from 1947 to the present in the three largest Christian denominations. In terms of percentages some of there denominations have remained stable whilst others have changed dramatically. Although despite the small numbers of members of some denominations there have been changes in the last 60 years. For example the Pentecostal churches have increased from less than 1% of the population to 2.8%.
4) Since the arrival of the early settlers on the First Fleet 1788 Christianity has been the dominant religion in Australia. In Australian society Christianity has proven to be a powerful dominant religion since the arrival of the early settlers as it was imposed by authoritive figures such as soldiers. Christianity being a monotheistic religion enabled people to unite in their acceptance of God. Christianity also acted as the central factor in community ethics, the provisions of government services and development of laws. It was also an important provider of health, welfare and education services.
5) The social and cultural differences between 1945 and the present day has changed dramatically over time. We live in a society, which is considered to be multifaith, multiethnic and multiracial. Although back in 1945 this was not the case as women and migrants in particular suffered many hardships, women were considered inferior to men and solely meant for that of domestic labour. Women faced with discrimination in the workplace i.e. the glass-ceiling concept. Migrants on the other hand were also faced with much hardship and discrimination, they were put up in migrant hostels and weren’t given work, which they were qualified for, they were often used as labourers, which were beneath their qualifications. In the present day society however the social and cultural aspects have improved dramatically women are now moving up in the ranks in the workplace and migrants are now socially accepted and are put into the fields of work which they are qualified to do.
6) Migration has caused the important process in the changing nature of our population. Majority of immigrants would have called them selves Christian a significant amount from South-East Asia would consider themselves Buddhist. Because the population of Australia has expanded therefore causing the religious diversity of Australia to grow and expand as well.
7) Denominational switching is believed that social mobility adds to the movement of people from one denomination within a religious tradition to another. The belief is that people’s lives change according to their religious beliefs and traditions. Thee changes are sometimes associated with wealth or social influence.
8) Denominational switching has affected Christianity overall change has occurred from 1991 to 1996 2% eg switchers in 14%, Switchers out 14%. The changes of denominational switching has caused Christianity to lose adherents to protestant denominations i.e. Anglican Church. The rise is evident in the Pentecostal denominations. Individual denominations has risen and decreased in numbers of adherents due to migration.
9) The New age movement is in a class by itself. Unlike most formal religions it has no holy text, central organization, membership, formal clergy, geographic center, dogma or creed. New Age religions are based around the fact that they are a spiritual movement but without any organizational restrictions. Some New Age Religions were created because of what Christianity had not done. New Age Religions follow similar aspects of Hinduism and Buddhism because they believe in 'newness' and 'originality'. The reincarnations of people also plays a part in their choices. Over the next 5 years some New Age Religions will gain more adherents and some will lose some because of change of religions outlooks because people are just simply giving up their faith.
10) It is a concept of secularism is a movement or concept which rejects religious belief or adherence. Within the census this is considered as people who stated they were agnostics, atheists, humanists, rationalists and those in the no religion category. This does howevere effects the expression of religion in Australia due to the fact that is slowly changed the main religious expression within Australia (Christianity), thus it allows the needs of the individuals to be met rather than the needs of the community.
11) Ecumenism: Is a a doctrine within the Christian Church in which promotes cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations which is aimed at the universal unity of Christianity.
Interfaith Dialogue: is the concept of cooperation and positive interaction between Christians of different denominations, Interfaith Dialogue is important in Multi-Faith Australia due to the fact that it assists young people understanding the idealism which allows the best opportunities of the dialogue. Interfaith Dialogue has a various amount of objectives and number of strategies to achieve these objectives, eg. objective-Share this knowlege and learn understanding with others. Strategies- To advertise conclusions and inform the respective faith communities of the understandings reached.
Reconciliation: a process which changes for the better the relationship between individuals or groups.
12) History and activities of some ecumenical movements within Christianity
Date: History
1895: World Student Christian Federation (WSCF) formed in Sweden (joined by Australia in 1896)
1948: The World Council of Churches began.
1965: 2nd Vatican Council led Roman Catholics to develop ecumenical dialogue with other Christian groups.
1994: National Council of Churches in Australia (NCCA) formed to replace the Australian Council of Churches (ACC)
2003: There is formal dialogue between NCCA, Australian Federation of Islamic Councils and the Executive Council of Australian Jewry.
13) The importance of interfaith dialogue is that it impacts the lives of everyday Australians, religious or not. The main idea that interfaith dialogue aims at are to build an understanding, good will and sense of community between people of different faiths; To learn about each other and their (and our) faith traditions in a spirit of exploration and discovery; to share this knowledge and understanding with others; to work together, as Australians, to achieve common goals to support each other in difficult times. Interfaith Dialogue is important in Multi-Faith Australia due to the fact that it assists young people understanding the idealism which allows the best opportunities of the dialogue. Interfaith Dialogue has a various amount of objectives and number of strategies to achieve these objectives, eg. objective-Share this knowlege and learn understanding with others. Strategies- To advertise conclusions and inform the respective faith communities of the understandings reached. Interfaith Dialogue is also important to Mulit-faith Australia due to the fact that it assists young people understanding the idealism which allows for best opportunities of the dialogue.
14. Reconciliation affects all Australians due to the fact that it assists in bringing the wider community together. Since reconciliation between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples has assisted in establishing this concept. In Australia reconciliation incorporates justice, recognition and healing in response to all the wrong doing in the past to the Aboriginal peoples.
YOUTUBE HOMEWORK
ATHEISM
http://www.youtube.com/v/YjZ-lSn0A3M&hl=en&fs=1"
-This You Tube clip about Atheist man focuses on the point that atheism is a religion and just how superstitious and religious atheists are. It is mentioned that Atheists are polytheistic believing in several Gods, these ‘God’s’ being logic, knowledge and above all science, information and rationalism. This clip also states that Atheism give them a sense of freedom due to the fact that his ideology about religion is the want to live in a world which is free and live how they want to live, and say what they want to say where no boy is allowed to shut them up because their “crack pot” religion prevents them from it. According to this man religion feeds on a broken spirit stating that the only message religion has obey God OR ELSE. He believes that religion is evil because it is a truly man-made phenomenon stating that religion wants us to believe that religious people are les than they are and religion is a “straight jacket of blind faith.”
HUMANISM
http://www.youtube.com/v/myRX6aZVRZ4&hl=en&fs=1"
This clip focuses on the origins of Humanism stating that is based solely around logic, logic being the use of evidence to establish the as well as to link pieces of evidence together. This clip suggests that logic is the best way in determining reasons for being. This says that some where in the cosmos there is as way of knowing the absolute truth and find conclusions which will lead humanists to be able to make connections.
Assessment TASK 1
Wednesday's Lesson
During today’s lesson you are to:
1. Prepare a draft plan for your Assessment Task focussing on Paul’s contribution to the development and expression of Christianity.2. Suggested Reading p 47-48 of Meeting St Paul. The references here will allow you to explore Paul’s contribution Christianity.
3. Download the powerpoints from the class Wiki to assist with essay plan.
4. It would be helpful to answer the Key Text and Questions on page 53 of Meeting St Paul Today.
5. Place your draft ideas and essay plan on your Wiki page.
End of the Lesson:
1. Ensure you have saved your plan to your wikispaces.com
2. Check the learning preparation due for Friday.
1) Outline the contribution of Paul to the development and expression of Christianity.
- First contribution, Pauls conversion (changing his names form Saul to Paul) from prosecutor to supporter from which he became a Christian missionary- Second contribution, His various journeys
- Third contribution, Letters Pauls letter constitute about 25% of the Christian scriptures they are the earliest Christian documents to be preserved) and preachings, established Christianity in Greco-Roman world
- Fourth contribution, Believed as Jewish Christians that circumcision did not have to happen
- Paul's big contribution was the establishment of the various communities as well as the understanding of who Christ was (power of resurrection)
- Paul spread the concept of salvaiton and resurresction through three of his missionary journeys
- Paul established Christian morality within the emerging Christian community
EXPAND UPON!
DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN CHRISTIAN ETHICAL TEACHINGS ON BIOETHICS.
Ethics may be defined as a system of moral principals by which human moral actions may be judged as right or wrong. In the context of religion in relation to Christianity ethics may be defined as what is morally right and wrong through the lens of the religious system. This religious ethical system essentially regulates moral bahaviour of adherents.
The central role of Christian ethics is to provide a guide for Christians to ensure that their daily lives reflect principals found within scriptures, sacred stories and texts which support the purpose as well as value of the world. Christian ethics are based upon the Decalogue, Ten Commanments and the Beatitudes. Ethics within Christianity can be divided into to two different approaches, these being Authority- scriptures (Bible), tradition (church leaders), experience (inspiration of the Holy Spirit) and logic (reason). Natural Law- ethical thought deriving form the cocept of 'perfect creation'.
The Ten commandments are moral laws/principals which conduct just and orderly living for adherents which they need to fulfill in order to obtain and follow thorugh with in order to have a clear conscience to be at peace with themselves and God. The foundation on which Chrisitanity bases its bioethical teachings is on the 5th commandment 'Thou shall not kill', basically meaning to value life/choosing life.The main Bioethical issues relating to this commanment are suscide, abortion, capital punishment and euthenasia. Christians are called to hold firmly to the findamental value that human life is sacred and holds intrinsic value, refering to the fact that God is the creator of life and only he himself has the right to take it away. The fifth commandment is also an example of revealed and natural law on which adherents base their bioethical decision making.